Introduction You’ve probably heard the terms architect and civil engineer being used interchangeably, especially in…
Masonry refers to the process of constructing building units by bonding them with mortar, which…
As beams support the load of the slab and other structures (walls, openings, etc.), in…
Every building constructed is not intended for a single hall. They are divided into smaller…
A chair bar is a piece of bar bent to a shape (inverted U or Z) and placed in between the two layers of reinforcement mesh. They are provided to maintain the gap the layers of the reinforcement bar. They also contribute to the stability of reinforcement bar while concrete is pouring.
The bridge and culvert are two distinct structures that serve a similar purpose in civil…
Concrete is good in compression and has multiple applications in construction industries. Thus, concrete needs…